Iindaba-Isikhokelo sabaQalayo kuKhuseleko lwe-Welding!

Ukuwelda yinkqubo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo, njengokwakha, ukuvelisa, kunye nokulungiswa kweemoto. Ngelixa i-welding isakhono esibalulekileyo, ikwabandakanya iingozi ezinokubakho ezinokubangela ukulimala kakhulu ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko awalandelwa. Esi sikhokelo sabaqalayo sijolise ekuboneleleni ngolwazi olubanzi malunga nokhuseleko lwe-welding, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokukhusela zomntu (i-PPE), izenzo ezikhuselekileyo zokusebenza, kunye neengozi ezinokubakho ukuba ziqaphele.

Kutheni uKhuseleko lubalulekile kwiWelding?

Ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu kwi-welding ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

Ukhuseleko lomntu:

Ukuwelda kubandakanya iingozi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ubushushu obugqithisileyo, iintlantsi, nomsi oyingozi. Amanyathelo okhuseleko, anjengokunxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela (PPE), qinisekisa ukuba iiwelders zikhuselekile ekutshisweni, ukwenzakala kwamehlo, imiba yokuphefumla, kunye nezinye iingozi zempilo ezinokuthi zibekho.

Ukuthintelwa kweeNgozi:

Imisebenzi ye-welding ihlala ibandakanya ukusebenza ngamadangatye avulekileyo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye nemisinga yombane. Ukutyeshela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko kunokukhokelela kwiingozi, ezinjengomlilo, ugqabhuko-dubulo, ukubetha kombane, nokuwa. Ukulandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko kunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kwaye kudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo.

Impilo kunye neMpilo-ntle:

I-Welding ivelisa umsi kunye neegesi ezinokuthi zibe yingozi xa zifakwe. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwezi zinto kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuphefumla, izifo zemiphunga, kunye neminye imiba yezempilo yexesha elide. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokungenisa umoya kunye nokusebenzisa ukukhuselwa kokuphefumula, i-welders inokukhusela impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle.

Ukuthotyelwa kweMigaqo:

Oorhulumente kunye namaqumrhu alawulayo aseke imimiselo yokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza kwe-welding. Ukuthobela le mimiselo akufuneki kuphela ngokusemthethweni kodwa kwakhona kuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokusebenza ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko efunekayo. Ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokhuseleko kunceda ukuthintela iingozi, ukukhusela abasebenzi, kunye nokuphepha izohlwayo okanye iziphumo zomthetho.

Imveliso kunye nemfezeko:

Amanyathelo okhuseleko, afana noqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, anegalelo kwimekobume yokusebenza esebenza kakuhle nenemveliso. Xa abasebenzi beziva bekhuselekile kwaye bezithembile kwindawo yabo, banokugxila kwimisebenzi yabo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga neengozi ezinokubakho. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni kwemveliso kunye nomsebenzi okumgangatho ophezulu.

Isidima kunye neNtembeko:

Iinkampani ezibeka phambili ukhuseleko kwimisebenzi yazo ye-welding zibonisa ukuzibophelela kwazo kwintlalontle yabasebenzi bazo. Oku kuzibophelela kwakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabasebenzi, abathengi, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Irekhodi eliqinisekileyo lokhuseleko kunye nodumo lokubeka phambili ukhuseleko kunokutsala abasebenzi abanezakhono kunye nokwandisa umfanekiso wenkampani kushishino.

Ugcino lweendleko:

Ukutyala imali kumanyathelo okhuseleko kunokufuna iindleko zangaphambili, kodwa ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekugcinweni kweendleko ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukuthintela iingozi kunye nokwenzakala kunciphisa iindleko zonyango, amabango embuyekezo yabasebenzi, kunye namatyala asemthethweni anokubakho. Ukongeza, indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo inciphisa ukonakala kwezixhobo, ixesha lokuphumla, kunye nokulungiswa kweendleko.

Ukuqukumbela, ukhuseleko lubalulekile ekutshiseni ukukhusela abasebenzi kwiingozi ezinokubakho, ukuthintela iingozi, ukugcina impilo entle, ukuthobela imimiselo, ukwandisa imveliso, nokwakha igama elihle. Ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko akugcini nje ngokukhusela impilo-ntle yabashiseli kodwa kukwanegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo nangokunempumelelo.

Zeziphi iiNgozi eziPhambili kwi-Welding?

Kukho iingozi ezininzi eziphambili ezinxulumene ne-welding ekufuneka abashicileli bazi kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okhuseleko. Ezi ngozi ziquka:

I-Arc Flash:

I-arc flash yenye yeengozi eziphambili kwi-welding. Kubhekiselele ekukhutshweni kobushushu obukhulu kunye nokukhanya okwenzeka ngexesha lokuwelda, ngakumbi ngexesha lenkqubo ye-arc welding efana ne-shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) okanye i-gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Inokubangela ukutshisa okukhulu kwesikhumba kunye namehlo ukuba ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo alusetyenziswanga. Abaweldi kufuneka basoloko benxibe isigcina-ntloko esinesigcina-ntloko esifanelekileyo sokwenza mnyama ukukhusela kwi-arc flash.

Ezona zizathu ziphambili ze-arc flash kwi welding zezi:

Ukuvezwa kwimitha ye-UV kunye ne-IR:

I-Welding arcs ikhupha i-ultraviolet (UV) kunye nemitha ye-infrared (IR). Imitha ye-UV inokubangela ukutshisa kwesikhumba okufana nokutshiswa lilanga, ngelixa imitha ye-IR inokuvelisa ubushushu obunokubangela ukutsha. Ukuchaneka ixesha elide kwezi radiation ngaphandle kokhuseleko olululo kunokubangela ukutshisa okukhulu kunye nomonakalo wexesha elide.

Ukukhanya okukhulu kunye nobushushu:

Ukukhanya kwe-arc ye-welding kunokuba yimpumputhe kwaye kubangele ukuphazamiseka kombono okwethutyana okanye okusisigxina ukuba amehlo awakhuselwanga ngokufanelekileyo. Ubushushu obukhulu obuveliswa yi-arc bunokubangela ukutshisa esikhumbeni, nokuba kumgama ukusuka ekusebenzeni kwe-welding.

Ukukhusela kwiingozi ze-arc flash, abashiseli kufuneka bathathe la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo:

Nxiba ukhuseleko lwamehlo olufanelekileyo:

I-helmet ye-welding kunye ne-lens yomthunzi ofanelekileyo ibalulekile ukukhusela amehlo ekukhanyeni okukhulu kunye ne-radiation ephumayo ngexesha lokudibanisa. Umgangatho womthunzi welensi kufuneka ukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ye-welding kunye ne-amperage esetyenzisiweyo.

Sebenzisa iimpahla ezikhuselayo:

Iiwelder kufuneka zinxibe iimpahla ezikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye, njengebhatyi yokuwelda okanye ifaskoti, ukukhusela ulusu lwabo kwiintlantsi, isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, kunye nobushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lokuwelda. Kufuneka kunxitywe imikhono emide, ibhulukhwe, kunye nezihlangu ezivaliweyo.

Qalisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungena komoya:

Ukungena komoya okwaneleyo kubalulekile ukususa umsi we-welding kunye neegesi kwindawo yokusebenza. Ukungena komoya ngokufanelekileyo kunceda ukunciphisa ukuchanabeka kwizinto eziyityhefu kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zokuphefumla.

Landela iindlela zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo:

Abashicileli kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba indawo yokusebenza icacile kwizinto ezinokutsha kwaye amanyathelo okuthintela umlilo, njengezixhobo zokucima umlilo, zifumaneka ngokukhawuleza. Ukulandela iindlela ezifanelekileyo ze-welding kunye nokugcina umgama okhuselekileyo ukusuka kwi-arc kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-arc flash.

Fumana uqeqesho olululo:

Abashiseli kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho kwiingozi ze-arc flash, iinkqubo zokhuseleko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela. Kufuneka bazazi iiprothokholi zempendulo kaxakeka xa kukho isiganeko se-arc flash.

Ngokuqonda imingcipheko ehambelana ne-arc flash kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko, i-welders inokuzikhusela kwiingozi kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okutshisa kakhulu kunye nokulimala kwamehlo.

Umsi kunye neegesi:

Ukuwelda kuvelisa umsi oyityhefu kunye neegesi, ezifana ne-ozone, i-nitrogen oxides, kunye nomsi wesinyithi. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwezi zinto kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuphefumla, izifo zemiphunga, kunye neminye imiba yezempilo. I-Welders kufuneka iqinisekise ukungena komoya ofanelekileyo kwindawo yokusebenza ukuze kususwe ezi ngcoliseko kwaye isebenzise ukukhuselwa kokuphefumula, njengama-respirators okanye iimaski, njengoko kucetyiswa. Iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene nomsi we-welding kunye neegesi ziquka:

Iingxaki zokuphefumla:

Ukuphefumla umsi we-welding kunye neegesi kunokukhokelela kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yokuphefumla, efana ne-welding fume fever, i-bronchitis, isifuba, kunye nezinye izifo zemiphunga. Ukuchaphazeleka ixesha elide kwezi zinto kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo zexesha elide.

I-Metal fume fever:

I-Metal fume fever sisifo esifana nomkhuhlane esibangelwa kukuphefumla umsi wentsimbi, ngakumbi umsi we-zinc oxide. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, ukugodola, intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha. Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo okwethutyana, ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo yempilo engapheliyo.

Iigesi ezinetyhefu:

Iinkqubo zokuwelda zivelisa iigesi eziyityhefu, njenge-ozone, ii-nitrogen oxides, i-carbon monoxide, kunye neeoxide zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuphefumla ezi gesi kunokubangela ukucaphuka kokuphefumla, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuphefumla okanye ukutyhefa.

Amachiza eCarcinogenic:

Eminye imisi yewelding iqulethe izinto ezibangela umhlaza, ezifana nehexavalent chromium, nickel, kunye necadmium. Ukuchanabeka ixesha elide kwezi zinto kunokonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nemiphunga, umqala, okanye ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.

Ukunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nomsi we-welding kunye neegesi, abashicileli kufuneka bathathe la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo:

Qinisekisa ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo:

Ukungena komoya okwaneleyo kubalulekile ukususa umsi we-welding kunye neegesi kwindawo yokusebenza. Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya eziphumayo zasekuhlaleni, ezifana nezixhobo zokukhupha umsi okanye iihoods, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukubamba nokususa umsi kumthombo. Ukungenisa umoya jikelele, okufana neefeni okanye iingcango ezivulekileyo/iifestile, nako kunokunceda ukuphucula ukujikeleza komoya.

Sebenzisa ukhuseleko lokuphefumla:

Xa umoya ungonelanga okanye xa usebenza kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, abatshisi bafanele basebenzise ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lokuphefumla, njengezinto zokuphefumla okanye iimaski, ukuze bahluze umsi neegesi eziyingozi. Ukukhethwa kwe-respirator kufuneka kusekelwe kwinkqubo ye-welding ethile kunye nohlobo lwezinto ezingcolileyo ezikhoyo.

Khetha iinkqubo zokukhutshwa okuphantsi kunye nemathiriyeli:

Ezinye iinkqubo ze-welding zivelisa umsi kunye neegesi ezimbalwa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye. Umzekelo, i-gas metal arc welding (GMAW) enocingo oluluqilima ngokubanzi ivelisa imisi embalwa kune-flux-cored arc welding (FCAW). Ukusebenzisa izinto ezikhutshwayo eziphantsi kunye nemathiriyeli nako kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuveliswa komsi onetyhefu.

Gcina indawo yokusebenza icocekile:

Yicoca rhoqo indawo ekusetyenzwa kuyo ukuze ususe uthuli oluqokelelweyo, inkunkuma kunye nomsi. Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo, ezifana ne-spools yocingo engenanto okanye i-electrode esetyenzisiweyo, nayo ibalulekile ukuthintela ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinobungozi.

Fumana uqeqesho olululo:

I-Welders kufuneka ifumane uqeqesho kwiingozi ezinxulumene ne-welding fumes kunye neegesi, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweenkqubo zokungenisa umoya kunye nokukhuselwa kokuphefumula. Ukuqonda imingcipheko kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni kwezi ngozi.

Ngokuphumeza la manyathelo okhuseleko kunye nokwazi iingozi ezinxulumene ne-welding fumes kunye ne-gases, i-welders inokukhusela impilo yabo yokuphefumula kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wemiba yempilo yexesha elide.

Ukothuka koMbane:

Ukutshatyalaliswa kombane yenye ingozi ebalulekileyo ekudibaniseni i-welding. Ukuwelda kubandakanya imisinga yombane ephezulu enokubangela ukothuka kombane ukuba akuthathwa amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo. Iiwelder kufuneka ziphephe ukubamba iindawo zombane eziphilayo kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba izixhobo zokuwelda zibekwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuhlola iintambo zomonakalo kunye nokuphepha ukudibana nomhlaba omanzi okanye amanzi ngelixa i-welding ibalulekile ukuthintela ukutshitshiswa kombane. Iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene nokothuka kombane kwi-welding ziquka:

Ukutshisa:

Ukutshatyalaliswa kombane kunokubangela ukutshisa okukhulu kwesikhumba kunye nezitho zangaphakathi. Ubushushu obuveliswa ngumsinga wombane bunokubangela ukonakala kwezicubu kwaye kunokufuna unyango.

Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac:

Ukutshatyalaliswa kombane kunokubangela ukubanjwa kwentliziyo, nto leyo yimeko engxamisekileyo yonyango efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokukhawuleza. Umsinga wombane unokuphazamisa isingqi sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo, okukhokelela ekubanjweni kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo:

Ukutshatyalaliswa kombane kunokubangela umonakalo we-nerve, onokubangela ukuba ndibe ndindisholo, ukubetha, okanye ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo kwindawo echaphazelekayo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubangela ukukhubazeka okanye ukulahlekelwa kolawulo lwemisipha.

Ukunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokothuka kombane, abashiseli kufuneka bathathe la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo:

Sebenzisa isiseko esifanelekileyo:

Zonke izixhobo zokuwelda kufuneka zibekwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukothuka kombane. Umatshini we-welding, i-workpiece, kunye netafile ye-welding kufuneka idibaniswe kwintambo yokumisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba nayiphi na i-current current ilawulwa ngokukhuselekileyo emhlabeni.

Hlola izixhobo rhoqo:

Izixhobo ze-welding kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo ukuze kukhangelwe iimpawu zokuguga nokukrazuka, njengeentambo eziqhekekileyo okanye ezonakalisiweyo zokugquma. Izixhobo ezonakalisiweyo kufuneka zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukothuka kombane.

Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela:

Abatyhidi bafanele banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, njengeeglavu zerabha kunye neebhutsi, ukuze bazikhusele kumoyiko wombane. Iiglavu kunye neebhutsi kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zomonakalo.

Ziphephe iimeko ezimanzi:

I-Welding akufanele yenziwe kwiimeko ezimanzi okanye kwiindawo ezimanzi. Iimeko ezimanzi zandisa umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kombane, njengoko amanzi engumqhubi olungileyo wombane.

Fumana uqeqesho olululo:

Abashicileli kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho kwiingozi ezinxulumene nokutshitshiswa kombane kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ze-welding. Ukuqonda imingcipheko kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni kwezi ngozi.

Ngokusebenzisa la manyathelo okhuseleko kunye nokuqaphela iingozi ezinxulumene nokutshitshiswa kombane kwi-welding, i-welders inokuzikhusela kumngcipheko wokulimala kunye nokuqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza.

Umlilo kunye noDubulo:

Umlilo kunye noqhushumbo ziingozi ezinkulu kwi-welding. Iintlantsi kunye nesinyithi esishushu esiveliswayo ngexesha le-welding sinokutshisa izinto ezinokutsha, ezikhokelela kwimililo okanye ukuqhuma. Kubalulekile ukucoca indawo yokusebenza kuzo naziphi na izinto ezinokutsha kwaye ube nemilinganiselo yokuthintela umlilo, njengezicimi-mlilo kunye nemiqobo ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo. Ukuba newotshi yomlilo ngexesha nasemva kwewelding nako kuyacetyiswa. Iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene nomlilo kunye nokuqhuma kwi-welding ziquka:

Ukutshiswa kwezinto ezinokutsha:

Iintlantsi ze-welding kunye nobushushu bunokubangela izinto ezinokutsha, njengezinyibilikisi, ioyile neegesi. Oku kunokukhokelela kumlilo okanye ukuqhuma, okunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwipropati kunye nokulimala kwabasebenzi.

Uthuli oluvuthayo:

Ukuwelda kuvelisa uthuli kunye nobutyobo, obunokutsha xa buxutywe nomoya. Ukuba lubasiwe, uthuli olunokutsha lunokubangela umlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo, olunokuba yingozi kakhulu kwiindawo ezivalelekileyo.

Ukutyebisa ioksijini:

Iinkqubo ze-welding ezisebenzisa i-oksijini zinokunyusa ukuxinwa kwe-oksijini emoyeni, enokuthi idale ingozi yomlilo. Ukutyetyiswa kweoksijini kunokubangela ukuba izixhobo zitshise ngokulula kwaye kunokukhokelela ekusasazeni komlilo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nomlilo kunye nokudubula kwi-welding, abashicileli kufuneka bathathe la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo:

Gcina indawo yokusebenza icocekile:

Yihlambulule rhoqo indawo yokusebenza ukuze ususe uthuli oluqokelelweyo, inkunkuma, kunye nezinto ezinokutsha. Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo, ezifana ne-spools yocingo engenanto okanye i-electrode esetyenzisiweyo, nayo ibalulekile ukukhusela ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezinokutsha.

Sebenzisa umoya ofanelekileyo:

Ukungena komoya okwaneleyo kubalulekile ukususa umsi we-welding kunye neegesi kwindawo yokusebenza kwaye uthintele ukugcwala kothuli olunokutsha. Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya eziphumayo zasekuhlaleni, ezifana nezixhobo zokukhupha umsi okanye iihoods, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukubamba nokususa umsi kumthombo. Ukungenisa umoya jikelele, okufana neefeni okanye iingcango ezivulekileyo/iifestile, nako kunokunceda ukuphucula ukujikeleza komoya.

Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela:

Abatshisi bafanele banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, njengempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo, iiglavu neebhutsi, ukuze bazikhusele kwingozi yomlilo nokudubula.

Kuphephe ukuwelda kufutshane nemathiriyeli enokutsha:

Ukuwelda akufuneki kwenziwe kufutshane nezinto ezinokutsha, ezifana nezinyibilikisi, ioyile kunye neegesi. Ukuba ukuwelda kufutshane nezinto ezinokutsha kuyimfuneko, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokucima umlilo, njengezixhobo zokucima umlilo, kufuneka zifumaneke lula.

Fumana uqeqesho olululo:

Abashicileli kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho kwiingozi ezinxulumene nomlilo kunye nokuqhuma kwi-welding kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokucima umlilo. Ukuqonda imingcipheko kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni kwezi ngozi.

Ngokusebenzisa la manyathelo okhuseleko kunye nokuqaphela iingozi ezinxulumene nomlilo kunye nokuqhuma kwe-welding, i-welders inokuzikhusela kumngcipheko wokulimala kunye nokuqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza.

Ukwenzakala kwamehlo nolusu:

Ukulimala kwamehlo kunye nolusu ziingozi eziqhelekileyo kwi-welding. I-Welding ivelisa ukukhanya okukhulu, ubushushu, kunye nemitha, enokubangela umonakalo emehlweni kunye nolusu ukuba ayikhuselwanga ngokwaneleyo. Iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene nokulimala kwamehlo kunye nolusu kwi-welding ziquka:

I-arc flash:

I-Arc flash kukukhululwa ngokukhawuleza kobushushu obunamandla kunye nokukhanya okunokuthi kwenzeke ngexesha le-welding. Inokubangela ukutshisa okukhulu kwamehlo kunye nolusu kwaye kunokubangela umonakalo osisigxina emehlweni.

Umsi weWelding:

Imiphunga ye-welding iqulethe izinto eziyityhefu, ezifana ne-metal oxides kunye neegesi, ezinokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla kunye nokucaphuka kwesikhumba. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwimiphunga ye-welding kunokukhokelela kwiimeko zempilo ezingapheliyo, ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-metal fume fever.

Imitha yemitha ye-Ultraviolet (UV):

I-Welding yenza imitha ye-UV, enokubangela umonakalo emehlweni kunye nolusu. Ukuba sesichengeni semitha yeUV ixesha elide kunokukhokelela ekubeni ube norhatyazo, umhlaza wolusu nezinye izifo zolusu.

Ukunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokulimala kwamehlo kunye nolusu kwi-welding, abashicileli kufuneka bathathe la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo:

Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela:

Abaweldi bafanele banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, njengezigcina-ntloko ezineelensi ezizenza mnyama, iindondo zokhuseleko ezisecaleni neempahla ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo, ukuze bazikhusele kwiingozi zokuwelding.

Sebenzisa umoya ofanelekileyo:

Ukungena komoya okwaneleyo kubalulekile ukuze kususwe umsi we-welding kunye neegesi kwindawo yokusebenzela kwaye uthintele ukugcwala kwezinto eziyityhefu. Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya eziphumayo zasekuhlaleni, ezifana nezixhobo zokukhupha umsi okanye iihoods, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukubamba nokususa umsi kumthombo.

Sebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuwelda:

Izindlela ezichanekileyo ze-welding, ezifana nokugcina umgama okhuselekileyo ukusuka kwi-arc kunye nokuphepha ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo kwi-arc, kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala kwamehlo kunye nesikhumba.

Fumana uqeqesho olululo:

Abashicileli kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho kwiingozi ezinxulumene nokulimala kwamehlo kunye nolusu kwi-welding kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela. Ukuqonda imingcipheko kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni kwezi ngozi.

Ngokusebenzisa le milinganiselo yokukhusela kunye nokuqaphela iingozi ezinxulumene nokulimala kwamehlo kunye nesikhumba kwi-welding, i-welders inokuzikhusela kumngcipheko wokulimala kwaye iqinisekise indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza.

ingxolo:

Ingxolo yingozi enkulu kwi welding. I-welding ivelisa amanqanaba aphezulu engxolo, enokubangela umonakalo wokuva ukuba ayikhuselwanga ngokwaneleyo. Iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene nengxolo kwi-welding ziquka:

Ukungeva kakuhle:

Ukuvezwa kumanqanaba aphezulu engxolo kunokubangela umonakalo osisigxina wokuva, njengokungeva kakuhle okanye i-tinnitus. Ukuba sesichengeni ixesha elide kumanqanaba engxolo angaphezu kwama-85 decibels (dB) kunokubangela umonakalo wokuva.

Iingxaki zonxibelelwano:

Amanqanaba aphezulu engxolo anokwenza kube nzima kubasebenzi ukuba banxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekunxibelelaneni kakubi kunye nokwanda kweengozi zokhuseleko.

Ukunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nengxolo kwi-welding, abashicileli kufuneka bathathe la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo:

Sebenzisa ukhuseleko olululo lokuva:

Abatshisi bafanele banxibe izinto ezifanelekileyo zokuva iindlebe, njengezinto zokuvala iindlebe okanye iindlebe, ukuze bazikhusele kwiingozi zengxolo. Ukukhuselwa kokuva kufuneka kukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lengxolo kunye nobude bexesha lokuvezwa.

Sebenzisa umoya ofanelekileyo:

Sebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuwelda:

Ubuchule bokuwelda obufanelekileyo, obufana nokusebenzisa amakhethini e-welding okanye izikrini ukuze ziqulathe ingxolo, zinokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwengxolo.

Fumana uqeqesho olululo:

Abashicileli kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho kwiingozi ezinxulumene nengxolo kwi-welding kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kokukhusela ukuva. Ukuqonda imingcipheko kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni kwezi ngozi.

Ngokusebenzisa la manyathelo okhuseleko kunye nokuqaphela iingozi ezinxulumene nengxolo kwi-welding, i-welders inokuzikhusela kumngcipheko wokulimala kwindlebe kunye nokuqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza.

Iingozi ze-Ergonomic:

Iingozi ze-ergonomic zibhekisela kwizinto ezinobungozi ezinokukhokelela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) kunye nezinye iingozi zomzimba kwi-welding. I-Welding ihlala ibandakanya ukusebenza kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga, ukuphindaphinda, kunye nokuphakamisa okunzima. Ezi zinto zinokukhokelela kukulimala kwe-musculoskeletal, njengeengxaki, i-sprains, kunye neengxaki zangemuva. Iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene nemiba ye-ergonomic kwi-welding ziquka:

Izimo ezingaqhelekanga:

Ukuwelda kudla ngokufuna ukuba abasebenzi bagcine ukuma okungaqhelekanga kangangexesha elide, njengokugoba, ukufikelela, okanye ukujija. Ezi zikhundla zinokuthi zithintele imisipha kunye namalungu, okukhokelela ekuphatheni kakubi kunye nokulimala okunokwenzeka.

Iintshukumo eziphindaphindiweyo:

Imisebenzi ye-welding ihlala ibandakanya ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiweyo, okufana ne-welding beads okanye ukugaya. Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiweyo kunokubangela ukulimala ngokugqithiseleyo, njenge-tendonitis okanye i-carpal tunnel syndrome.

Ukuphakamisa ubunzima:

Izixhobo ze-welding kunye nezixhobo zinokuba nzima, zifuna abasebenzi ukuba benze imisebenzi yokunyusa rhoqo, ukuthwala, okanye ukutyhala / ukutsala. Iindlela zokuphakamisa ezingafanelekanga okanye imithwalo egqithisileyo inokugxininisa umva kwaye iholele ekulimaleni ngasemva.

Ukubonakaliswa kokungcangcazela:

Izixhobo zokuwelda, ezifana nezisila okanye izando zokuqhekeza, zinokuvelisa ukungcangcazela okunokudluliselwa ezandleni nasezingalweni. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwi-vibration kunokubangela i-hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) kunye nezinye iziphazamiso ezinxulumeneyo.

Ukunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nemiba ye-ergonomic kwi-welding, abashicileli kufuneka bathathe la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo:

Gcina ubuchwephesha bomzimba obufanelekileyo:

Abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshwe kubuchule obufanelekileyo bokuphakamisa kunye nobuchwephesha bomzimba ukunqanda ubunzima obungeyomfuneko kwimisipha kunye namalungu. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa imilenze ukuphakamisa, ukugcina umva ngokuthe tye, kunye nokuphepha ukunyakaza okujijayo.

Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-ergonomic:

Abashicileli kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo ze-ergonomic, ezifana neendawo zokusebenza ezihlengahlengiswayo, i-welding manipulators, okanye i-ergonomic welding torch, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo emzimbeni kunye nokukhuthaza ukuma okufanelekileyo.

Thatha ikhefu rhoqo:

Ukuphuka rhoqo ngexesha lemisebenzi ye-welding kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala ngokugqithisileyo. Ukuzivocavoca okanye ukutshintsha izikhundla ngexesha lekhefu kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukudinwa kwemisipha kunye nokukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi.

Sebenzisa izixhobo ezincedisayo:

Abatyhidi kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo ezincedisayo, ezifana nezixhobo zokuphakamisa okanye izixhobo ze-ergonomic, ukunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba obunxulumene nokuphakamisa okunzima okanye ukuphindaphinda imisebenzi.

Yila indawo yokusebenza ngokweergonomically:

Indawo yokusebenzela i-welding kufuneka yenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukuma okufanelekileyo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Oku kubandakanya ukulungelelanisa ubude beendawo zokusebenza, ukubonelela ngee-anti-fatigue mats, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya okwaneleyo.

Ngokuphumeza le milinganiselo yokukhusela kunye nokuqaphela iingozi ezinxulumene nemiba ye-ergonomic kwi-welding, i-welders inokuzikhusela kwingozi yokuphazamiseka kwe-musculoskelet kunye nezinye ukulimala ngokomzimba, ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nenempilo.

ISixhobo soKhuseleko lweWelding ebalulekileyo

I-Welding ngumsebenzi onobungozi ofuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ukukhusela i-welder kunye nabanye kwindawo. Oku kulandelayo zizixhobo eziyimfuneko zokhuseleko lwe-welding:

Isigcina-ntloko se-Welding:

I-helmet ye-welding iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwisixhobo sokukhusela i-welder. Ikhusela ubuso, amehlo, kunye nentamo ye-welder ekukhanyeni okukhulu, ubushushu kunye nemitha ephuma ngexesha lokuwelda. Ii-helmets ze-welding kufuneka zixhotyiswe nge-lens yomthunzi ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo ye-welding eyenziwa.

Iiglavu zokuwelda:

Iiglavu zokuwelda zikhusela izandla zomshicileli kubushushu, kwiintlantsi, nakwintsimbi etyhidiweyo eveliswa ngexesha lokuwelda. Kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezinokumelana nomlilo kunye nokubonelela ngobuchule obaneleyo bomsebenzi we-welding.

Ibhatyi yokuwelda:

Ijacket ye-welding ikhusela umzimba ophezulu kwiintlantsi, ubushushu, kunye nemitha eveliswa ngexesha le-welding. Kufuneka yenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nedangatye kwaye igqume iingalo, umzimba kunye nentamo.

Iibhutsi zokuwelda:

Iibhutsi zokuwelda zikhusela iinyawo zomshicileli kwiintlantsi, ubushushu, kunye nezinto eziwayo. Kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezomeleleyo, ezimelana nedangatye kwaye zinikeze ukutsalwa kakuhle ukuthintela ukutyibilika nokuwa.

Isiphefumlo:

I-Welding ivelisa umsi kunye neegesi ezinokuba yingozi xa zifakwe. Isixhobo sokuphefumla kufuneka sinxitywe ukukhusela i-welder ekuphefumleni kwezi zinto ziyingozi. Uhlobo lokuphefumla olufunekayo luya kuxhomekeka kwinkqubo ye-welding kunye nohlobo lomphunga owenziweyo.

Iiglasi zokhuseleko:

Iiglasi zokhuseleko zikhusela amehlo omtshisi kwinkunkuma ebhabhayo kunye neentlantsi. Kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezichasene nempembelelo kwaye zinikeze ukhuseleko lwecala.

Iindlebe okanye ii-earmuffs:

Ukuwelda kuvelisa amanqanaba aphezulu engxolo enokonakalisa ukuva komtshisi. Iiplagi zendlebe okanye iindlebe kufuneka zinxitywe ukukhusela ukonakaliswa kokuva.

Into yokucima umlilo:

Isicima-mlilo kufuneka sifumaneke lula xa kunokutsha. Uhlobo lwesicima-mlilo olufunekayo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomlilo onokuthi lwenzeke.

Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela i-welding, i-welders inokuzikhusela kunye nabanye abakuloo ndawo kwiingozi ezinxulumene ne-welding. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa zonke izixhobo ezikhankanywe ngasentla ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo.

Ukugcina Indawo Yokusebenzela Ekhuselekileyo

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha le-welding, kubalulekile ukugcina ezi zixhobo zilandelayo ziluncedo:

Into yokucima umlilo:

Yiba nesixhobo sokucima umlilo kufutshane xa kukho unxunguphalo lomlilo. Qinisekisa ukuba isicima-mlilo sikulungele ukucima imililo ebandakanya izinto ezinokutsha, njengemililo yodidi C (imililo yombane) kunye nemililo yodidi D (imililo ebandakanya iintsimbi ezitshayo).

Ikit yokunceda kumenzakalo:

Gcina ikiti yoncedo lokuqala olugcinwe kakuhle kufuphi ukuze uphathe nayiphi na ingozi encinci enokuthi yenzeke ngexesha le-welding. Ikhithi kufuneka iqulathe izinto ezifana namabhandeji, isisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane, ijeli yokutshisa, iiglavu, nesikere.

Iiglasi zokhuseleko:

Ngaphandle kokunxiba isigcina-ntloko se-welding, izibuko zokhuseleko zinokukhusela iliso elongezelelekileyo kububutyobo obubhabhayo okanye iintlantsi ezinokudlula isigcina-ntloko. Gcina iperi yeglasi yokhuseleko ikufutshane ukuze uyinxibe xa kufuneka.

Iingubo zokuwelda okanye iikhethini:

Iingubo zokuwelda okanye iikhethini zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela izinto ezikufutshane ezinokutsha kwiintlantsi kunye ne-spatter. Gcina ezi mathiriyeli kufutshane ukukhusela indawo engqongileyo kwaye uthintele imililo ngengozi.

Izikrini zeWelding:

Izikrini ze-welding zisetyenziselwa ukudala umqobo phakathi kwendawo ye-welding kunye nabanye abasebenzi okanye abadlulayo. Zikhusela abanye kwimiphumo eyingozi yokukhanya kwe-welding, imitha, neentlantsi. Gcina isikrini se-welding kufutshane ukuseta indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza.

Iipleyiti zeWelding okanye iiclamps:

I-Welding pliers okanye i-clamps zizixhobo ezisebenzayo zokuphatha isinyithi esishushu, ukususa i-slag, okanye ukubamba i-workpieces ngokukhuselekileyo. Gcina ezi zixhobo zikufutshane ukuphepha ukusebenzisa izandla okanye ukubeka umngcipheko wokutsha.

Izixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE):

Ukongeza kwisigcina-ntloko se-welding, iiglavu, kunye nebhatyi, qiniseka ukuba ikhona iPPE esecaleni. Oku kubandakanya iperi eyongezelelweyo yeeglavu, iiglasi zokhuseleko, iiplagi zendlebe okanye iindlebe, kunye nayo nayiphi na enye iPPE engqalileyo kwinkqubo yokuwelda eyenziwayo.

Ukungenisa umoya okufanelekileyo:

Ukungena komoya okwaneleyo kubalulekile ukususa umsi we-welding kunye neegesi kwindawo yokusebenza. Qinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya, ezifana neefeni zokukhupha umsi okanye ii-extractor zomsi, zikhona kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngokugcina ezi zinto zezixhobo zokhuseleko zilungile, ii-welders zinokufikelela kuzo ngokukhawuleza xa zifuneka, ziqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi okanye ukulimala ngexesha lemisebenzi ye-welding.

Isiphelo:

Kubalulekile ukuba i-welders iqaphele ezi bungozi kwaye isebenzise amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko, kubandakanywa ukugqoka izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela umntu, ukulandela imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza, kunye nokufumana uqeqesho olufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ingozi ehambelana ne-welding.

Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-03-2023